I. Personal hygiene
Wash hands properly
Washing hands carefully with soap and running water is one of the most effective ways to prevent Norovirus infection. When washing hands, make sure all surfaces of your hands are clean, including the palms, backs of hands, between fingers and between nails. Wash hands for at least 20 seconds, which is about the time it takes to sing “Happy Birthday” twice. For example, you should wash your hands in time before meals, after going to the toilet, and after touching public items (such as elevator buttons, handrails, etc.).
If there is no running water, you can also use alcohol-based hand sanitizer, but be aware that alcohol-based hand sanitizer is not as effective as soap and running water against Norovirus, because Norovirus is a non-enveloped virus and it is more difficult for alcohol to kill it.
Pay attention to personal food hygiene
Eat thoroughly cooked food. Norovirus is sensitive to heat, and food can kill the virus during high-temperature cooking. For example, seafood, meat and other foods must be cooked thoroughly before eating, and avoid eating raw or half-cooked food.
Fruits and vegetables should be carefully washed before eating. You can use a special fruit and vegetable cleaning agent to clean it, or soak it in clean water for a period of time, and then rinse it with running water to remove the norovirus that may be attached to it.
II. Environmental hygiene
Home cleaning
Regularly clean the home environment, especially the kitchen and bathroom, which are prone to breeding bacteria and viruses. You can use chlorine-containing disinfectants to wipe and disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as countertops, toilets, and wash basins. Generally, according to the requirements of the instructions, the disinfectant is diluted to an appropriate concentration. For example, 84 disinfectant is generally diluted to a concentration of 1:100 to 1:200 for surface disinfection.
The ground also needs to be cleaned and disinfected frequently, especially after a family member has vomiting or diarrhea symptoms, the excrement and vomitus should be cleaned in time, and the contaminated area should be disinfected to prevent the virus from spreading to other family members.
Public environmental protection
In places with dense crowds such as schools and kindergartens, environmental sanitation management should be strengthened. Classrooms, canteens and other places should maintain good ventilation, at least 2-3 times a day, each time for about 30 minutes, so as to reduce the concentration of viruses in the air.
Public facilities such as tables, chairs, and toys should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. For classes or dormitories where norovirus infection occurs, the entire environment should be thoroughly disinfected in a timely manner, and close contacts should be observed.
III. Living habits
Avoid contact with sources of infection
Try to avoid going to crowded and poorly ventilated places, especially during the high-incidence season of norovirus. If you must go, such as taking public transportation, you can wear a mask to reduce the chance of virus contact.
When other people around you have symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea, stay away as much as possible, and remind the patient to seek medical treatment in time and take isolation measures to prevent the spread of the virus.
Enhance your own immunity
Maintaining good living habits, such as adequate sleep and moderate exercise, can help enhance the body’s immunity and enable the body to better resist the invasion of norovirus. Ensure 7-8 hours of sleep a day and do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, such as brisk walking and jogging.
At the same time, maintaining a balanced diet and consuming enough protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals are also important for improving immunity. For example, eat more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and high-quality protein foods such as lean meat and fish.
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